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Balaji Vishwanath
Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat) (1662–1720), better known as Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, was the first of a series of hereditary ''Peshwas'' (Marathi for Prime Minister) hailing from the Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family who gained effective control of the Maratha Empire during the 18th century. Balaji Vishwanath assisted a young Maratha Emperor Shahu to consolidate his grip on a kingdom that had been racked by civil war and persistent attack by the Mughals under Aurangzeb. He was called "the second founder of the Maratha State."
==Early life and Career ==
Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat) was born into a Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family. The family hailed from the coastal Konkan region of present-day Maharashtra and were the hereditary Deshmukh for Shrivardhan under the Siddi of Janjira. He was named "Balaji," which is a form of the given name Ballal.〔Palsokar & Reddy, Bajirao I:an outstanding cavalry general, pg 42〕 Balaji's first job was as a petty clerk at salt works at Chiplun, owned by the Siddi, while his elder brother Tanoji performed herediatary functions of Deshmukh at Shrivardhan. Having been persecuted by Siddi, he went out in search of employment to the upper regions of western ghats and worked as a mercenary trooper under various Maratha generals. According to Kincaid & Parasnis, Balaji Vishwanath entered the Maratha administration during the reign of Chhatrapati Sambhaji or the regency of his brother, Rajaram. One of his jobs in the Maratha Administration was as a revenue official or writer under Ramchandra Pant Amatya.
Later he served as an accountant for the Maratha general, Dhanaji Jadhav, at Janjira. Between 1699 and 1702, he served as the ''Sar-subhedar'' or head-administrator at Pune and from 1704 to 1707 as Sarsubedar of Daulatabad. By the time Dhanaji died, Balaji had proven himself as an honest and able officer. The newly releasedMaratha ruler Chhatrapati Shahu, took note of his abilities and appointed Balaji as his assistant (''c.''1708).
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